Photographing Lunar Craters: Capturing the Moon in Stunning Detail

Lunar craters indeed are some of the most intriguing subjects in astrophotography. Rugged walls, central peaks, and radiating rays make up an entire scene that stretches over billions of years. Another reason for the impressive glory created in photographing them is by light. And this light shall give those cracks and bumps some dimension of texture. Any terminator will emphasize these ridges, terraces, and boulders to help create a 3D effect.

With careful planning of your session, using moon phases and knowledge of techniques such as frame stacking or image stacking, even an amateur with a modest telescope can produce images that excite the viewer with the terrain of the Moon.

Copernicus Crater at Sunrise

Copernicus Crater

‘’Sunrise at Copernicus Crater’’

Image Credit & Copyright: Sage Gray

Facts

Copernicus spans roughly 93 km in diameter and is one of the Moon’s most prominent craters, located in eastern Oceanus Procellarum. Its sharply defined rim and central peaks make it a striking visual target, while its ray system extends for hundreds of kilometers.

Capture Details

A telescope with moderate to large aperture paired with a planetary camera can capture Copernicus in impressive detail. Stack dozens of video frames using software like AutoStakkert! or RegiStax to enhance sharpness and contrast. Ideal imaging occurs when the Sun rises over the crater every ~29.5 days.

What to Notice

Observe the long shadows along the crater rim and the central peaks catching early sunlight. The terminator highlights the relief of terraced walls and subtle textures across the floor.

Why Timing Is Special

Shooting at lunar sunrise for Copernicus emphasizes depth and contrast. Shadows cast across its rim and peaks bring out subtle features that vanish under higher Sun angles.

Nearby Features

The crater’s rays fan out across Mare Imbrium, and secondary crater chains radiate from its edges, adding context and scale.

Tycho Crater at Dawn

Tycho Crater

‘’Sunrise at Tycho‘’

Credit: NASA/GSFC/ Arizona State Univ./Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter

Facts

Tycho is ~85 km wide and geologically young at ~100 million years. Its sharp walls, rugged central peak complex, and prominent ray system make it one of the Moon’s most dramatic features.

Capture Details

High-resolution images can be captured from Earth-based telescopes using video stacking or by using LRO Narrow Angle Camera mosaics. Stack hundreds of frames for optimal clarity.

What to Notice

Notice the rugged terrain of the central peaks, crisp crater walls, and boulders scattered across the floor. Long shadows at sunrise accentuate these features dramatically.

Why Timing Is Special

The low Sun angle at lunar dawn produces long shadows, enhancing the three-dimensionality of Tycho’s structure.

Nearby Features

Tycho’s rays stretch across the southern highlands, with Clavius crater to the north providing a visual contrast between old and young impacts.

Plato Crater and the Lunar Alps

Plato Crater

‘’Plato and the Lunar Alps’’

Image Credit & Copyright: Richard Bosman

Facts

Plato measures ~95 km across and lies on the edge of Mare Imbrium. Its dark, flat floor contrasts sharply with surrounding bright mountains, creating a unique visual scene.

Capture Details

Moderate-aperture terrestrial telescopes work well near the terminator. Stack multiple video frames to capture detail in both the crater floor and surrounding highlands.

What to Notice

Focus on the dark crater floor against the illuminated rim and the straight Vallis Alpes cutting through Montes Alpes. The terminator casts shadows that emphasize depth along crater walls and nearby ridges.

Why Timing Is Special

Best imaged near first or last quarter when the Sun grazes the crater’s rim, revealing subtle textures.

Nearby Features

Montes Alpes, Vallis Alpes, and the edge of Mare Imbrium provide geographic context and enhance the dramatic scenery.

Aristarchus Crater (West Wall)

Aristarchus Crater

‘’At the West Wall of Aristarchus Crater’’

Credit:NASA/GSFC/Arizona State Univ./Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter

Facts

Aristarchus is ~40 km in diameter and ~3 km deep, located on the Aristarchus Plateau. Its terraces and bright ejecta make it one of the most photogenic lunar features.

Capture Details

High-resolution LRO mosaics or Earth-based telescopes with video stacking work well. Focus on capturing terrace walls, boulders, and dark impact melt regions.

What to Notice

Terrace structures, bright excavated material, and shadows revealing floor undulations. Boulders over 100 m highlight the crater’s ruggedness.

Why Timing Is Special

Optimal lighting occurs when the Sun is low over the plateau, producing deep shadows that accentuate terraces and cliffs.

Nearby Features

The Aristarchus Plateau surrounds the crater, with Herodotus crater and Vallis Schroteri nearby.

Clavius Crater (with Tycho at Dawn)

Clavius Crater

‘’Tycho and Clavius at Dawn’’

Image Credit & Copyright: Eduardo Schaberger Poupeau

Facts

The Clavius measures about 225 kilometers, hence evidently among the largest impact craters visible by the Earth. The decrepit walls and much overlapping smaller craters around it make Clavius an eye-catching show.

Capture Details

Use large-aperture telescopes or LRO mosaics. Capture during low Sun angles for maximum relief, stacking video frames for detail.

What to Notice

Old, eroded walls, overlapping craterlets, and arcs of light along rims. Contrast with nearby Tycho adds dramatic effect.

Why Timing Is Special

First-quarter illumination along the southern highlands accentuates Clavius’ relief and the interplay between shadow and sunlight.

Nearby Features

Tycho crater, small craterlets inside Clavius, and Tycho’s ray ejecta patterns provide scale and context.

Why Lunar Crater Photography Matters

Photographing lunar craters reveals the Moon’s dramatic landscapes shaped over billions of years. By timing shots around the terminator, lunar sunrise, or specific phases, photographers capture deep shadows, central peaks, and textured floors that disappear under flat lighting. Techniques like stacking video frames enhance clarity and detail, even with modest equipment. From Copernicus to Clavius, lunar crater imaging showcases both scientific features and stunning visual contrasts, making the Moon a continually inspiring subject for astrophotographers who follow AstroGraphy Hub and similar resources.